From the age of two until puberty, a child's development is characterized by rapid growth in height and weight, the coordination of movements, and the observation of emotional and psychological awakening. By studying numerous children with similar characteristics, average physical growth curves have been established. Easily measurable parameters such as height, weight, and head circumference are part of the systematic examination performed by a physician. The rate of growth, whether fast or slow, can thus be monitored.
At three years of age, a child has an average height of 95 centimeters and a weight of 15 kilograms. After the age of four and until the onset of puberty, height increases by 5-6 centimeters per year, while weight gain is 2-3 kilograms per year. Milk teeth begin to be replaced by permanent teeth, starting with the incisors, around the age of 5-6, and the first molars appear around the age of 6. A child's growth can also be determined by measuring bone age.
Speech development is observed through the enrichment of vocabulary and the maturation of emotional and desire expression. Learning abilities, memory capacity, imagination, and creativity develop, influenced by the environment. The loving environment within the family, the support and care provided when starting school, play a significant role in the expression of a child's talents and the consolidation of their personality.
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