Neuropsychology examines the brain structures involved in speech, the perception of objects and space, or the control of impulses. The detection of disorders caused by a lesion in any brain structure constitutes the starting point of this field of science. Since the 19th century, by studying patients with brain lesions, it has been understood that certain brain regions are linked to specific functions.
Functional differences between the two brain hemispheres have refuted the basic idea of the dominance of one of the two hemispheres, which have a complementary function. The brain is likened to a computer, with each component responsible for a part of the vital relationships. This analogy is only partially valid for functions such as speech and mobility.
Only estimations can be made about the exact locations and functioning of the structures responsible for functions such as memory, emotions, and motivation. In fact, all brain lesions seem to cause effects that are reflected in many functions. Furthermore, it can be said that brain regions operate selectively, in close connection with the personal structure of each individual.
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